Urine analysis test pdf

The results of a quantitative test are usually reported in. Important markers checked in the ua lab test include the color, appearance, specific gravity, ph, glucose, bilirubin, ketones, occult blood. Though further discoveries for chemical tests for protein and blood were made in the 19th. The 24 hour urine specimen is brought to the laboratory as soon as possible as the 24hour period is over. Diabetic ketoacidosis can cause urine to have a fruity or sweet odor, and alkaline fermentation can cause an ammoniacal odor after prolonged bladder retention. Final see notes pinal 100, 000 coloniesml morganii m. Problems with your lungs, kidneys, urinary tract, skin, and bladder can affect the appearance. Two pee test strips, or dipsticks, showing the colored test pad areas, resting on the lid of an open urine test strip container. Always wear gloves whilst messing about with another persons pee. Urine drug testing centers for disease control and. Urine clarity is a good but not infallible guide to the presence or absence of uti. Urine test for cancer utilizes midstream urine sample to detect disease in body, which includes different types of infections.

Urine analysis test more information the urinalysis test, sometimes known as a urine test or a ua test, is a commonly run generic urine screening test that checks for various markers in the urine. Describe 6 types of sediment that may be found in urine. A urinalysis is a group of tests that detect and semiquantitatively measure various compounds that are eliminated in the urine, including the byproducts of normal and abnormal metabolism as well as cells, including bacteria, and cellular fragments. During a urinalysis, a clean urine sample is collected into a. The role of urine sediment analysis when the patient. When a sample of urine is submitted to a pathological laboratory, the following examinations are done. In this case, urinalysis is used to check if there is blood in the urine as an indication of infection or if certain types of drugs are present. Urine color is recorded, after looking at freshly voided urine specimen. Other names for it are urine test, urine analysis, and ua you may have a.

Patients with acute or chronic conditions, such as kidney disease, the urinalysis may be instructed. Patients do not have to fast or change their food intake before a urine test. Urinalysis in clinical practice akin to liquid kidney biopsy medind. A urinalysis is a group of physical, chemical, and microscopic tests. If the heated part of specimen cloudiness or turbid that may be indicate for protein presence. A urine test can help detect a variety of kidney and urinary tract disorders, including chronic kidney disease, diabetes, bladder infections and kidney stones. Home urinalysis test strip color chart and explanations. If the urine sample color is not recorded within 30 minutes after collection, chemical changes will occur in it, and so its color will change, and will result in false report. Urinalysis was the first laboratory test performed in medicine and has been used for several thousand years. The kidney glomeruli act as ultrafilters for the plasma protein. Introduction the urinary system comprises the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. It is used to detect urinary tract infections utis and other disorders of the urinary tract. Which positive test on the urine chemistry strip is.

Urinalysis is a simple test that can provide important clinical information, has a quick turnaround. A urine dipstick test is a type of fluid analysis used by medical professionals to screen for various diseases and health complications. Patients with orders for a urine culture and sensitivity are given the proper midstream urine collection kit and the appropriate instruction sheet. It can also help find serious diseases in the early stages, like chronic kidney disease, diabetes, or liver disease. Urinalysis or urine testing is used to look for abnormalities such as an excess amount of protein, blood, pus, bacteria or sugar. A urinalysis test is performed by collecting a urine sample from the patient in a specimen cup. Routine urine examination is detailed analysis of urine. Physical examination normal abnormal colour pale yellow hematuria smoky urine hemoglobinuria etc. If ph is the only test needed to be done on a urine specimen, litmus paper or nitrazine paper. Epithelial cells35, bacteriamany, yeastmany, amorphousmoderate, blood sugar195mgdlwhich.

List and describe at least 6 different associated urine tests. A comprehensive database of more than 15 urinalysis quizzes online, test your knowledge with urinalysis quiz questions. Im looking for a special technique for freezing of urine samples for analysis by elisa. General urine specimen collection procedure ltr27570. Urine analysis appearance or color specific gravity ph leukocyte esterase nitrites urobilinogen bilirubin glucose ketones protein blood. The gold standard method of testing is to remove a small volume of urine from the sterile container with a fresh sterile syringe, and then apply the removed urine to the dipstick. It can help find conditions that may need treatment, including infections or kidney problems. In glomerular proteinuria, an increase in glomerular permeability.

Urine protein testing is done to evaluate kidney function, and assist in detection. When testing urine the test results may provide information regarding the status of carbohydrate metabolism and kidney function. Doctors use it to check for signs of common conditions or diseases. In this lecture material the routine urine test, physical. Disadvantage is that it gives false positive test for sugars. Those dipsticks make a pretty good catapult for drops of eyeballseeking urine. This is a very commonly ordered test which is performed in many clinical settings such as physicians offices, hospitals, clinics, emergency departments, and outpatient laboratories. When the test strip is saturated with urine, it changes color to indicate the presence of compounds like proteins, ketones, hemoglobin, and. Our online urinalysis trivia quizzes can be adapted to suit your requirements for taking some of the top urinalysis quizzes. The urinalysis is used as a diagnostic tool to identify different metabolic and kidney disorders.

Many believe that odoriferous urine is a sign of infection, but it can simply represent a. Urinalysis urine test, ua simply means analysis of urine. If your results are abnormal, your health care provider may order additional blood and urine tests, including a liver panel. A urinalysis is a simple test that looks at a small sample of your urine. Refrigerated is best when infection is suspected 5. First voided morning urine is ideal when evaluating suspected glomerulonephritis routine urine analysis appearance chemical tests dipstick ph protein glucose ketones blood urobilinogen. During a urinalysis, a clean urine sample is collected into a specimen cup and analyzed with a visual exam, a dipstick test, and a microscopic exam. Factors that will affect the sensitivity of the glucose pad include all but a. The need for trained human resources in the field is, therefore, very essential not only for patient care but also for preventive measures. A complete urinalysis consists of three distinct testing phases. In this way, the remainder of the collected sample contents remains untouched by a potentially unsterile dipstick and so can be sent for laboratory analysis if required.

Detects white cells in the urine pyuria which is associated with urinary tract infection. The objective of the present metaanalysis was to summarise the available evidence on the diagnostic accuracy of the urine dipstick test, taking into account various predefined potential sources. Urine strip test strips are for in vitro diagnostic use and. Use caution if a negative dipstick test results in a patient with symptoms of a uti dipstick is specific, but not very sensitive sensitivity related to bacterial load perform a urine culture tests specific gravity, ph, leukocyte esterase, nitrites, hemoglobin, protein, glucose, ketones, urobilinogen, bilirubin. A bilirubin in urine test is only one measure of liver function. Urine test for cancer urinalysis when, how and the what. The fish test the fda approved fish analysis in 2001 for use in conjunction with cystoscopy to monitor for recurrence among those with previously diagnosed bladder cancer. This video is meant to describe the different tests that are performed from a. A liver panel is a series of blood tests that measure various enzymes, proteins, and substances in the liver.

A urinalysis, or urine test, is a common medical test in which the urine is examined to diagnose and monitor various illnesses. A urinalysis is a laboratory test to detect problems with your body that can show signs in your urine. It helps detect alterations in the composition of the urine which help in the diagnosis of many disorders. Urine constituents in general, urine consists of urea and other organic and inorganic chemicals dissolved in water urea accounts for almost half of the total dissolved solids in urine organic substances include creatinine and uric acid the major inorganic solid dissolved in urine is chloride, followed by sodium and potassium other substances found in urine include hormones. Fish analysis of voided urine in diagnostic activities and the role of the nurse when this diagnostic tool is used. Neil shay uncontrolled copy controlled documentdo not duplicate controlled copy no. Laboratory report on urine examination introduction. This article discusses methods of collecting and testing urine using reagent strips and provides a guide for interpreting the results.

Plastic strip dipped in urine sample test for various chemical components of urine results in seconds to minutes often performed in emergency departments or ambulatory clinics that do not have a micro lab available associated with false negatives use caution if a negative dipstick test results in a patient with symptoms of a uti. The kidneys filter unwanted waste materials from the blood and regulate the levels of. The presence of protein and other substances is determined by using chemical methods. It is a very common test that can be performed in many health care settings, including doctors offices, urgent care facilities, laboratories, hospitals, and even at home. Complete urine examination urine rm test test results. It acts by forming a surface layer and it preserves the chemical constituents of urine.

Most common quantitative tests performed in urinalysis laboratory are those for sugar and for protein. A 24yearold obese diabetic woman had the following blood and urine test results from specimens obtained at the same time. Next came dipstick testing for glucose in 1850 described by mauments. The presence of formed elements, like blood cells, crystals and casts, is determined by microscopic examination. If i test blood plasma samples even multiple freezingthawing cycles do not affect an antigen concentration. The urinalysis ua is critically important in the diagnosis of renal and urologic diseases akin et al. Urine tests urinalysis the analysis of the urine for protein, other chemical substances and formed elements is termed urinalysis. Basic laboratory tests basic urine tests urinalysis. The tests detect andor measure several substances in the urine, such as byproducts of normal and abnormal metabolism, cells, cellular fragments, and bacteria urine is produced by the kidneys, two fistsized organs located on either side of the spine at the bottom of the ribcage. Immerse the dipstick completely in the specimen of. The urinalysis is a simple and noninvasive test that provides valuable information. Urine test definition, disease detection, and results. Immerse the dipstick completely in the specimen of fresh urine.